Free Radical Scavenging Assay Research Articles

Evaluation of diethyl 4-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate: synthesis, anti-corrosion potential, and biomedical applications

The pursuit of advanced multifunctional compounds has gained significant momentum in recent scientific endeavours. This study is dedicated to elucidating the synthesis, rigorous characterization, and multifaceted applications—encompassing anti-corrosion, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties—of Diethyl 4-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate. The 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative was meticulously synthesized through a strategic reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, ammonium acetate, and 5-bromoindole-3-carboxaldehydein the ethanol medium at 60 C. Subsequent spectral validations were conducted using sophisticated techniques, namely FTIR, NMR, and Mass spectrometry, resulting in data that perfectly resonated with the hypothesized chemical structure of the compound. Its anti-corrosive potential was assessed on mild steel subjected to an aggressive acidic environment, employing comprehensive methodologies like gravimetric analysis, Tafel polarization, and EIS. Concurrently, its antimicrobial prowess was ascertained against a spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Candida albicansandAspergillusniger, leveraging the disc diffusion method and using Gentamicin as a reference standard.The empirical results illustrated a substantial decrement in corrosion rates with ascending concentrations of the organic compound, achieving an apex of anti-corrosive efficacy at 81.89% for a concentration of 2 × 103 M. Furthermore, the compound outperformed Gentamicin in antimicrobial screenings, manifesting superior efficacy against all tested pathogens. The antioxidant potential, quantified using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay against ascorbic acid as a benchmark, was found to have an IC50 value of 113.964 ± 0.076 µg/ml.This comprehensive investigation accentuates the paramount potential of the synthesized dihydropyridine derivative in diverse domains—from industrial applications as a corrosion inhibitor to therapeutic avenues given its pronounced antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities. The compelling results obtained pave the way for expansive research and development initiatives cantered around this multifaceted compound.Graphical

Blueberry extract and its bioactive compounds mitigate oxidative stress and suppress human lung cancer cell (A549) growth by modulating the expression of p53/EGFR/STAT3/IL6-mediated signaling molecules.

Bioactive phytocompounds are crucial components in all plants. Since the time of traditional medicine, the utilization of plants has been grounded in the potential of these bioactive compounds to treat or manage specific illnesses. These natural bioactive compounds have sparked growing interest in employing medicinal plants for addressing various conditions, such as inflammatory diseases, diabetes, and cancer. This study focuses on assessing the qualitative phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and cytotoxic effects of blueberry (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus) extract using three different solvents, namely water, ethanol, and methanol. The extract exhibited notable antioxidant activities, as evidenced by DPPH and H2O2 free radical scavenging assays. The cell viability assay also demonstrated cell growth inhibition in A549 cells. Furthermore, nine specific phytocompounds sourced from existing literature were selected for molecular docking studies against CDK6 and, AMPK key protein kinases which enhance the cancer progression. The molecular docking results also revealed favorable binding scores, with a high score of -9.5 kcal/mol in CDK6 protein and a maximum score of AMPK with targets of -8.8 kcal/mol. The selected phytocompounds' pharmacodynamic properties such as ADMET also supported the study. Furthermore, rutin stated that pre-dominantly present in blueberry plants shows a potent cytotoxicity effect in A549 cells. Functional annotations by bioinformatic analysis for rutin also revealed the strong enrichment in the involvement of PI3K/AKT1/STAT, and p53 signaling pathways. Based on this analysis, the identified rutin and other compounds hold a promising anticancer activity. Overall, the comprehensive evaluation of both in vitro and in silico data suggests that the Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus extract could serve as a valuable source of pharmaceutical agents and may prove effective in future therapeutic applications.

Secondary metabolite profiling using HR-LCMS, antioxidant and anticancer activity of Bacillus cereus PSMS6 methanolic extract: In silico and in vitro study

Novel anticancer drugs of natural origin have increased tremendously due to the resistance of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs in breast cancer therapy and their high toxicity with undesirable side effects. The study investigates the bioactivity of secondary metabolites derived from Bacillus cereus PSMS6 isolated from marine soil sediment in the Velar estuary, Parangepattai, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, and India. Strains were isolated and antagonistic activity was screened using the agar well diffusion method. B. cereus PSMS6 exhibited potency, and its crude extract was tested for antioxidant, anticancer, and cytotoxic MTT assay potential. The methanolic extract of B. cereus PSMS6 was analyzed by mass spectrometry HRLC-MS and FT-IR to determine the bioactive compounds. A drug interaction study with the anti-breast cancer protein HER2 was performed by molecular docking analysis. Antioxidant activities were determined using total antioxidant scavenging assay, ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging assays. The total antioxidant scavenging assay of the crude extract of B. cereus methanol had an IC50 value of 28.33±1.01, in ABTS IC50 value of the extract was 29.00±0.28 and in DPPH the IC50 of the extract was 34.91±0.09. The negative ion compound Palmitoylglycerone phosphate had a LibDock score of 149.487 and the positive ion compound N5-(4-Methoxybenzyl) glutamine had 120.116. These compounds show promising anticancer activity. The current study reported that the bioactive secondary metabolite of B. cereus PSMS6 retains anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. This is the first report to show the production of the Palmitoylglycerone phosphate metabolite from B. cereus PSMS6.

Antioxidant Effects and Potential Molecular Mechanism of Action of Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey Fruits Based on Systematic Network Pharmacology with Experimental Validation

Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of biological systems to detoxify these reactive intermediates or repair the resulting damage. Diplocyclos palmatus (D. palmatus) is a medicinal plant, whose fruits has been reported to have antioxidant activity due to its potent bioactive compounds, and holds promise for mitigating oxidative stress and its associated diseases. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the bioactive compounds present in D. palmatus via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and evaluate their antioxidant activity via different in-vitro antioxidant assays such as, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, ABTS radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, hydroxyl free radical scavenging assay and reactive nitrogen oxide scavenging assay. Furthermore, systematic network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics were utilized to identify major bioactive compounds and their interactions with key proteins implicated in oxidative stress to understand the molecular mechanism of action of D. palmatus fruits. The obtained results indicated that the fruit extract had highest antioxidant activity against hydroxyl free radicals (IC50 = 476.76 µg/mL) followed by nitric oxide radicals (IC50 = 509.06 µg/mL), DPPH• (IC50 = 601.88 µg/mL), ABTS•+ (IC50 = 709.37 µg/mL) and FRAP (IC50 = 1141.76 µg/mL). In network pharmacology analysis, bioactive compounds of D. palmatus fruits were found to target numerous major cellular proteins (AKT1, GAPDH, ALB, CASP3, PTGS2, PPARG, STAT3, EGFR, ESR1 and MMP9), with a notable impact on the estrogen signaling pathway. Molecular docking and dynamics analysis further validated the antioxidant potential of D. palmatus fruits. Overall, this integrative study sheds light on the antioxidant potential of D. palmatus fruits and elucidates the molecular mechanisms underpinning their antioxidative actions. These findings not only deepen the understanding of D. palmatus phytochemistry but also highlight its therapeutic potential as a natural antioxidant agent for combating oxidative stress-related disorders.

(2-Furanylmethyl)spiro(N/N)cyclotriphosphazenes and some quaternized derivatives: syntheses, structural elucidation and free radical scavenging activity studies

In the present study, the reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (N3P3CI6, HCCP) and N1,N2-bis(2-furanylmethyl)-1,2-diaminoethane (1) yielded the tetrachloro-spiro(ethane-1,2-diamino)-N,N-bis(2-furanylmethyl)cyclotriphosphazene (2). Tetrachlorocyclotriphosphazene (2) was then converted to fully substituted cyclotriphosphazenes (2a-2e) using secondary amines and sodium dimethylaminoethoxide. Compound 2e with dimethylaminoethoxy chains was quaternized in substituted nitrogen by reacting with methyl iodide (CH3I) to give polyiodo salt (2f). Subsequent metathesis with bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiNTf2) gave the corresponding ionic salt (2 g). This phosphazene-based amide salt (2 g) arose as a viscous liquid at room temperature. The structures of 2–2 g were confirmed by elemental analysis, HRMS, FT-IR, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR data. The crystal structures of 2 and 2b were also elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Additionally, the antioxidant activities of the phosphazene derivatives were investigated using free radical scavenging assays. The highest radical scavenging activity values (%) were detected for compounds 2e (53.4 ± 0.4) and 2f (56.1 ± 0.2).

Synthesis, characterization, and comprehensive computational analysis of aromatic hydrazone compounds: Unveiling quantum parameters, evaluating antioxidant activity, and investigating molecular docking interactions

This study presents a synergistic approach encompassing experimental synthesis, computational analysis, and antioxidant activity evaluation of two aromatic hydrazone compounds, namely 4-[(2E)-2-(2-nitrobenzylidene) hydrazinyl] benzoic acid (NBHZ) and 4-[(2E)-2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazinyl] benzoic acid (HBHZ). Efficient synthesis yielded impressive quantities (70 % and 58 %, respectively), and structural characterization employed IR, UV–Vis, and NMR spectroscopy. Antioxidant potential was assessed using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, revealing distinct capabilities of NBHZ and HBHZ, each featuring a nitro (NO2) and a hydroxy (OH) group, respectively, at the ortho position. HBHZ exhibited superior efficacy (IC50 = 1.15 μg/mL) compared to NBHZ (IC50 = 2.1 μg/mL) and the standard antioxidant BHT (IC50 = 1.83 μg/mL). Computational analyses using Gaussian 09 at the B3LYP/6–311 G(d,p) level elucidated electronic characteristics, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), HOMO-LUMO energies, and global reactivity descriptors. VEDA 4 further investigated vibrational behavior and potential energy distribution (PED), topological analyses electron localization function (ELF), localized orbital locator (LOL), average localized ionization energy (ALIE), and reduced density gradient (RDG) were identified to evaluate their interactions. Thermochemical parameters explored antioxidant mechanisms (hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer–proton transfer (SET–PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET)). Molecular docking via iGEMDOCK revealed binding interactions with the target NADPH oxidase. These findings not only provide insights into the compounds' antioxidant potential but also underscore the impact of specific molecular features on their properties. This integrated approach contributes to advancing the understanding of hydrazone compounds, guiding the design of materials with tailored functionalities for applications in oxidative stress mitigation.

Bionic Synthesis of Novel Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid-like Analogs with Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity Based on Loganetin

A series of novel monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA)-like analogs (1–24) were synthesized by using a biomimetic synthetic strategy and combinatorial chemistry. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities and antioxidant properties of these compounds were assessed through tyrosinase inhibition assay, DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging assays, respectively. The results showed that most synthesized compounds (2, 4–8, 10–12, 14–17, 19) exhibited significant inhibitory activities against both monophenolase and diphenolase. In particular, compound 14, with an IC50 value of 0.18 ± 0.02 mM, displayed approximately 72-fold stronger monophenolase inhibitory activity than that of loganetin with an IC50 value of 12.76 ± 1.00 mM. Similarly, compound 17 exhibited the best diphenolase inhibitory activity (IC50, 0.30 ± 0.09 mM), which was approximately 47 times higher than that of loganetin (IC50, 14.05 ± 0.47 mM). Additionally, six compounds (3, 13–17) showed significant in vitro antioxidant activities. Compound 17 exhibited the most promising ABTS radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 2.90 ± 0.07 μM, while compound 15 exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging capacity with an IC50 value of 17.59 ± 0.21 μM. The structure-activity relationships analysis revealed that the substituents at C-5 and C-11 in the tryptamine moiety might significantly impact antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the detailed interactions and binding modes of the most potent derivative toward tyrosinase were elucidated by a molecular docking study, which indicated that 14 and 17 might exert their inhibitory effects by binding to key amino acid residues (His 85 and His 263) at the tyrosinase active site.

Antimicrobial properties of Clausena anisata (Rutaceae) essential oil from Bafou area against the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans and antioxidant activity

The aim of the present work was to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Clausena anisata essential oil. The extraction of essential oils was performed by the hydro distillation method with a Clevenger apparatus. The determination of essential oils chemical composition was conducted by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Then the antimicrobial activity was assessed using disk diffusion method and micro titration. In order to determine the antioxidant activity 2 methods were carried out: the free radical scavenging assay was performed using the DPPH+ radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and the method with ABTS radical reagents (acid2, 2'-azynobis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 ​​sulfonic acid]). The yield of extraction of the essential oil was 0.77%. The study of its chemical composition revealed E- anethol (70.77%), methyl iso eugenol (13.85) as major compounds. The anti-radical DPPH test revealed a SC50 of 1g/L; 0.265g/L respectively for DPPH and ABTS tests. The results also highlighted a potent antimicrobial property. An antimicrobial screening study revealed a susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates at a concentration of 8000 ppm. This activity was characterized by minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2000 ppm for all the tested pathogenic yeasts Sab1, Sab2, Sab3, Sab250, Sab2501, Sab256, Sab259 and Sab290. The essential oil minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was lower than the MIC of fluconazole. The same observations were resulted with the fungicidal effect. These data can be used as a starting point for subsequent studies to produce antifungal and antioxidant drugs to face the challenge of the antimicrobial resistance and oxidative stress.

Appraisal of the Neuroprotective Potentials of Isoeugenol Using In-vitro, In-vivo and In-silico Approaches

Appraisal of the Neuroprotective Potentials of Isoeugenol Using In-vitro, In-vivo and In-silico Approaches

Optimization of Ultrasound‐Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction and Bioactivities of Polysaccharide from Porphyra haitanensis

AbstractIn this paper, ultrasound‐assisted method and deep eutectic solvent (DES) are used to extract polysaccharides from Porphyra haitanensis. The single‐factor experiment is carried out first, and then the response surface experiment is designed to obtain the optimal process conditions. The optimal extraction conditions are the molar ratio of choline chloride to oxalate of 1:1, the water content of DES of 60%, the solid–liquid ratio of 1:60 g mL−1, the time of 120 min, the power of 200 W, and the temperature of 80 °C, with the extraction yield of 4.42%. And the yield of P. haitanensis polysaccharides (PHPs) is 3.14% and 3.31% by water immersion and ultrasonic water extraction, respectively, indicating that the DES extraction method is superior to these two methods, and the optimization effect is good. The extracted polysaccharides are tested for biological activity after separation and purification on DEAE and Sephadex G‐75 columns. The results of α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity and α‐amylase inhibitory activity show that PHPs have certain antioxidant activity. 1,1‐Diphenyl‐3‐nitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) and 2,2‐diazo‐di‐3‐ethylbenzothiazolin‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays show that PHPs have certain antiglycemic activity.

MICROWAVE AIDED SYNTHESIS OF ZINC OXIDE NANOCERAMICS: A POTENT BIOACTIVE AGENTS WITH THERAPEUTIC CHARACTERS

Nanoparticles have been inexhaustibly utilized in Nanochemistry cohere with Bio-Technology to upgrade the immobilization and movement of catalysts in pharmaceutical nanoengineering for conveyance of helpful specialists in incessant illness diagnostics and in sensors.Herein communication we report microwave irradiation technique implemented for the preparation of novel Zinc oxide nanoparticles with beneficial bio-efficacy wherein the method employed has the advantages of producing small particle size metal oxide with high purity owing to short reaction time. We successfully synthesized and characterized two Zinc oxide based Cs2 doped ZnO2 and Li2 doped ZnO2 nanoparticles and were subjected to in vitro free radical scavenging assay wherein all the particles could scavenge DPPH and Nitric oxide radicals with less IC50 value over the positive control. Microbicidal properties of nanoparticles were proved by its effectiveness against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria tested besides its action against Candida albicans. Both nanoparticles synthesized showed a prominent inhibition of erythrocyte lysis by PhospholipaseA2 in a concentration dependent manner indicating better anti-inflammatory agent with possibility of preventing cancer. In this study we demonstrate by shell less CAM assay that synthesized nanoparticles could inhibit in vivo angiogenesis which would otherwise under abnormal conditions causes the acceleration of several inflammatory diseases in spite of its role in normal growth and wound healing process. Inhibition of such process is the promising methodology to hinder the progression of diseases. Present characteristic features make use of ZnO2 based doped nanoparticles to be a possible approach as a therapeutic molecule with favourable biological performance.

Phytochemical potential and GC–MS analysis of propolis from Punjab region of India

Propolis is a beehive product produced from honeybees by mixing β-glycosidase enzyme and beeswax with exudate collected from plant resins. The main goal of this study was to investigate the phytochemical potential and GC–MS profiling of the main constituents of propolis. The antioxidant activity was assessed by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were analysed by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. Methanolic extract exhibited highest antioxidant activities, ethanolic extract had the highest total phenolic content, and maximum amount of flavonoid was observed in the chloroform extract. GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, fatty acids and phenolic compounds. Results revealed that propolis from Derra Bassi can be used as natural antioxidant, also extracting solvents had a significant impact on the phytochemical activities and with its standardisation can be used for prevention of diseases related with free radicals.

Comparative Phytoprofiling of Achillea millefolium Morphotypes: Assessing Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic and Triterpenic Compounds Variation across Different Plant Parts.

Achillea millefolium L., commonly known as yarrow, is a versatile and widely distributed plant species with a rich history of ethnopharmacological significance. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative differences of A. millefolium inflorescence morphotypes. The phytochemical profile of white and pink inflorescence morphotypes was characterised by a complex of thirty-four phenolic and triterpene compounds. The species has distinct morphotypes of white and pink inflorescence. Phenolic and triterpenic profiles were determined, and individual compounds were quantified in inflorescence, leaf, and stem samples of two morphotypes tested. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was evaluated by free radical scavenging (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Caffeoylquinic acids predominated in all parts of the plant tested. Chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were the principal compounds in the phenolic profile. Betulin, betulinic acid, and α-amyrin were the prevailing triterpenic components in the triterpenic profiles of Achillea millefolium morphotypes. The predominant flavonoids in inflorescences were flavones, while in leaves, flavonols were the organ-specific compounds. The quantitative differences were observed between plant parts of morphotypes. Leaves consistently displayed the highest amounts of identified compounds and have been testified as the main source of antioxidant activity. Overall, white inflorescences accumulated a higher total amount of compounds compared to pink ones. The observed differences between morphotypes derived from the same population reflect the differences in specialised metabolites and their chemotypes. This study addresses gaps in knowledge, particularly in phenolic and triterpenic profiling of coloured inflorescence morphotypes, enhancing our understanding of chemotypes and morphotypes within the species.

Synthesis of multifunctional silver oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and gold nanoparticles for enhanced antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens and antioxidant, anticancer activities using Momordica cymbalaria seed extract

Rising emergence in public health due to antibiotic-resistant of ESKAPE pathogens, diseases related to oxidative damage and cancer has driven the urgent need to develop potent therapeutics for resistant bacterial strains, free radical scavenging and cancer. The present study involves Momordica cymbalaria seed extracts mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles and to evaluate its ameliorative potency against ESKAPE pathogens, free radicals and cancer cells. The study includes therapeutic approaches to target pathogenic biofilms relating phyto-therapeutics with nanotechnology. In the present investigation, we have synthesized four metal oxide nanoparticles of Silver, Zinc, Copper (Ag2O, ZnO and CuO), and Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using the seed extracts of M. cymbalaria. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various biophysical techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) with Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). Agar well diffusion methods, or Antimicrobial methods (MIC, MBC, and MBIC), DPPH/ABTS free radical scavenging assay, MTT/apoptotic studies and protein/DNA damage inhibition assays were performed to evaluate the antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Crystalline properties of metal oxides NPs were established by XRD pattern and the presence of alcohol or phenol, ketone, and amine groups in M. cymbalaria seed was confirmed by FTIR analysis. That participates in the reduction of Ag+, Cu+, Zn+, and Au+ ions to NPs. All the nanoparticles showed dose-dependent antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activity. Protein and DNA oxidation inhibition assays demonstrated an efficient quenching effect of proxy radicals by all the NPs. Therefore, M. cymbalaria -mediated synthesis of metal NPs can be used as an alternative to toxic physical or chemically mediated synthesis that can be applied to develop multifunctional nanoparticles as efficient therapeutics.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS FOR ANTI-OXIDATIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Objective: This particular study was aimed to evaluate the anti-oxidant effect of Pleurotus ostreatus using the in vitro method and also against inflammation. Methods: A methanolic extract of P. ostreatus (MEPO) was prepared by the cold maceration technique. Different tests. In vitro anti-oxidant activity was investigated using the 1,1-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method. Wistar rats were chosen for the study; animals weighing 150–200 g were divided into six groups of six each (n=6). Control animals were grouped as I, group II was administered with approximately 100 μL of 1% suspension of carrageenan in saline and injected into the plantar surface of the right hind paw, group III, IV, V, and VI were given with carrageenan, followed by diclofenac sodium (150 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) and MEPO at the dose of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg orally for 21 days. The paw volume and percentage of inhibition of the paw were measured in all animals. Results: The IC50 values of the test extract in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay were found to be 44.02±0.09 as compared with the standard drug 35.01±0.12, which was considered significant (***p<0.001). The test extract at the dose of 400 and 800 mg/kg significantly decreased (**p<0.001) the paw volume thereby, the inflammation, the % percentage of inhibition in paw volume was compared to the positive control in the carrageenan-induced paw edema. Conclusion: The study explored a potential source for anti-oxidants in the MEPO, which also seems to be effective in chemical-induced inflammation.

Enhanced stability and antibacterial efficacy of edible oleogels-in-water high internal phase emulsions prepared from soybean lipophilic protein

Recently, convenience-driven consumers have increasingly embraced prepared aquatic foods, facilitating a significant shift within the food industry. However, this change has presented a challenge for maintaining the quality of aquatic products in prepared food items since aquatic products are highly susceptible to microbial contamination during processing or storage. Herein, smart oleogels-in-water high internal phase emulsions (GHIPEs) stabilized solely by soybean lipophilic protein (LP) were prepared via oil phase gelation induced by glycerol monolaurate (GML). The purpose of this system is to act as an effective carrier and facilitate the precise release of thyme essential oils to extend the shelf life of food products. The gelation of the oil phase has significantly enhanced the stability of GHIPEs when compared to traditional HIPEs. When the GML reached 2%, the GHIPEs retained up to 87.18% ± 4.23 of thyme essential oil after 14 d. Moreover, the highest antioxidant potential of GHIPEs (with 2% GML) was confirmed through DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. Furthermore, the GHIPEs can release thyme essential oil in response to microbial growth, demonstrating their “smart sensing and targeted release” ability. Ultimately, the application of the GHIPEs in the preservation of Cololabis saira significantly reduced the total colony count, pH, TVB-N, and TBARS values (P < 0.05). Consequently, a ready-to-eat Cololabis saira product with an extended shelf life of 7 d at 4 °C was successfully realized, indicating the effectiveness of GHIPEs in preserving seafood freshness. These findings offer novel approaches to maintaining the freshness of prepared aquatic foods.

Antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of isolated polysaccharides from cultured Ophiocordyceps sinensis

The Ophiocordyceps sinensis is well-known as a traditionally valued medicine. Recently, the cultured O. sinensis biomass have been producing and commercializing in Vietnam. Besides, the O. sinensis - isolated polysaccharides have been revealed possessing great biological activities, especially the potential antioxidant. Hence, this study focused on antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of polysaccharides isolated from cultured O. sinensis biomass.Methods: Firstly, crude polysaccharides (PS) including IPS (endo-polysaccharide extracted from biomass) and EPS (exo-polysaccharide extracted from broth) were isolated from O. sinensis, respectively. Then, the crude IPS and EPS were separated into fractions using a Sephadex G-200 column with a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. The PSs and their fractions including IPS-1, IPS-2 and EPS-1, EPS-2 were screened for antioxidant (ABTS·+ free radical scavenging assay) and cytotoxic (HepG2 assay) activites.Results: Both EPSs and IPSs were mixtures of peptide-polysaccharide. In the ABTS assay, the IC50 value of EPS and EPS-2 fractions were 2,688.80 ± 19.83 µg/ml and 1,885.90 ± 2.90 µg/ml, respectively. This result indicated that the antioxidant activity of EPS and EPS-2 fractions were higher than that of IPSs as well as EPS-1 fraction. Furthermore, only crude EPS exhibited HepG2 cell growth inhibitory ability (IC50 = 15.59 ± 0.17 µg/ml) among the samples. Taken together, the EPSs exhibited greater antioxidant and cytotoxic activity than the IPSs. Thus, the EPSs could be considered as an antioxidant source.

Antioxidant Activity and Antitumor Potential of Hedyotis chrysotricha Extract in Human Colorectal Cancer and Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Background: Cancer is a serious disease severely endangering human health and life in the world in the world, and conventional anticancer drugs have frequently suffered from severe side effects and resistance. Therefore, developing novel and effective therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. As a Chinese herbal medicine with important medical values, Hedyotis chrysotricha has been suggested to be useful for the treatment of many diseases, especially cancer. Objective: Our aim was to investigate the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the phytochemical extracts of H. chrysotricha. Methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay was applied to determine antioxidant property. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide assay, wound healing assay, transwell matrix assay, flow cytometry and cell morphology were established to observe anti-proliferative, anti-migration, anti-invasion and apoptosis induction effects. The intracellular reactive oxygen species generation was detected by reactive oxygen species detection assay. Results: The ethyl acetate fraction showed promising antioxidant activity with IC50 of 98.67±0.49 μg/ml, and petroleum ether fraction exhibited the most potent antiproliferative effect on various human cancer cell lines, especially MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 8.90±1.23 μg/ml) and HCT-116 (IC50 = 9.69±3.69 μg/ml) cancer cells. Further investigation revealed that the petroleum ether fraction suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of the cancer cells significantly. Additionally, it promoted cell apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species levels. Conclusion: H. chrysotricha extract possessed excellent antioxidant and antitumor activities. Therefore, it could be useful as a source of antioxidants and compounds for cancer therapy.

Comparative Analysis of Pigments, Phenolics, and Bioactivities of Three Camellia Species Growing in Vietnam

Objective/Background: Camellia L. , belonging to the Theaceae family, is a diverse group of plant species native to various regions of Asia. Methods: Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in leaves of three Camellia species, namely Camellia quephongensis, Camellia yokdonensis, and Camellia longii, were determined using a spectrophotometric method. Phenolic compounds of the leaf extracts were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, antioxidant activity, anti-α-amylase and in vitro antiinflammatory properties of the extracts were evaluated. Results: The total carotenoid content in C. longii was the highest, whereas the total chlorophyll content in this species was the lowest. Most of the phenolic compounds in C. quephongensis were found at the greatest concentrations compared to the other species. The extract from C. quephongensis exhibited the strongest antioxidant properties estimated by ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging assays. This activity was shown to be comparable with that of ascorbic acid. All the Camellia extracts may possess a much less potent anti-α-amylase activity in comparison with acarbose. They could also be weaker than diclofenac with respect to in vitro anti-inflammatory activity evaluated by albumin denaturation inhibition assay. Conclusions: The findings of this investigation provide the initial insights into pigments and phenolics present in the various Camellia species and pave the way for the development of functional foods that could potentially offer a range of health benefits.

Green Synthesis of Ag/Mg(OH)2 Nanocomposite from Potato Peel Extract (Solanum tuberosum) and Its Antioxidant Activity

Potato peel extract (PPE) is a rich source of polyphenols which could be used as reducing agents for the green synthesis of nanocomposites. The project aims to synthesize Ag/Mg(OH)2 nanocomposites (NCs) by using PPE and investigate its antioxidant activity. The phytochemicals in peel extract act as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents in the reduction of precursor salts. SEM-EDX analyses of the bio-synthesized Ag/Mg(OH)2 NCs show the formation of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of Mg(OH)2 carriers with various sizes in the nanoscale, while XRD patterns suggest the existence of Mg(OH)2 hexagonal crystalline structure. The antioxidant activity of Ag/Mg(OH)2 NCs was assessed through the DPPH free radical scavenging assay with IC50 values between 1.3 and 1.4 mg/mL. Compared to various plant-based Ag NPs, such values are remarkably closer to the IC50 of the standard ascorbic acid (0.6 mg/mL), promoting PPE-based Ag/Mg(OH)2 as an effective and ecofriendly antioxidant.